
Bad Blood
John Carreyrou
What's inside?
Dive into the shocking expose of the rise and fall of Theranos, the multibillion-dollar biotech startup, and its deceptive founder, Elizabeth Holmes.
You'll learn
Key points
01Elizabeth Holmes was a competitive kid who grew up to be a scandalous CEO
Elizabeth Holmes, the protagonist of our tale, was a force to be reckoned with from the get-go. As a kid, she was already dreaming big, sketching out plans for a time machine at just seven years old. This early show of ambition was a sign of things to come. Holmes wasn't just a dreamer, though. She had the brains to back it up. She aced her way through high school, earning her a spot at Stanford University as a President’s Scholar in 2002. This scholarship is no small feat, given only to a select few who show extraordinary academic talent. It was clear Holmes was no ordinary student. At Stanford, Holmes was always on the lookout for opportunities to fuel her ambitions. She landed a spot in the research lab of Channing Robertson, a big shot in Stanford’s chemical engineering department. This stint gave her a wealth of knowledge and insights that would later prove invaluable in her entrepreneurial journey. Holmes' ambition was so strong that she left Stanford after a summer internship at the Genome Institute of Singapore. There, she was involved in testing patient samples using traditional methods like syringe and nasal swabs. This experience sparked an idea in Holmes - a vision for a more efficient and innovative approach to medical testing. With this vision in mind, Holmes penned a patent application for an arm patch that could diagnose and treat medical conditions at the same time. She was sure that her time in Robertson’s lab and her internship had given her the know-how to turn this vision into reality. To help her in this venture, she brought on board Shaunak Roy, a PhD student from Robertson’s lab, as her first employee when she started her company. Holmes' company began in Burlingame, California, but later relocated to an industrial area in Menlo Park. She tapped into her family connections to get the initial funding for her venture, persuading Tim Draper, a former neighbor, to invest $1 million in her company. By the end of 2004, Holmes had managed to raise $6 million from investors. The company had expanded to include 23 more staff and had launched their first prototype, Theranos 1.0. They even got a shout-out from the tech magazine Red Herring as the hottest start-up in the valley. But, as they say, what goes up must come down. Despite the initial success, the company eventually ran into a slew of problems and controversies, leading to its downfall. This story serves as a stark reminder of the dangers of leadership and the importance of honesty in business. In a nutshell, Elizabeth Holmes' competitive spirit from childhood played a big part in her entrepreneurial journey. Her ambition, drive, and smarts led her to establish a promising start-up. However, the eventual downfall of her company serves as a harsh lesson on the importance of ethical leadership and honesty in business.
02The first Theranos device, named after Thomas Edison, turned out to be a dud
Let's dive into the tale of Theranos, a health tech startup that promised to shake up the medical world. Its founder, Elizabeth Holmes, had a dream: a device that could run a full range of blood tests from just a few drops. To make this dream a reality, Holmes brought on Edmond Ku, a respected Silicon Valley engineer known for his knack for problem-solving. Ku was given the reins of the engineering department at Theranos, a role that pushed him into the unfamiliar territory of medical devices. But Holmes was a hard taskmaster, driving Ku and his team to work long hours. Ku believed that his team needed rest to perform at their best, but Holmes disagreed. This clash in work philosophies led Holmes to set up a rival engineering department, headed by Tony Nugent. Nugent took a fresh approach to the Theranos device. He ditched the microfluidic processes that Ku had been using, and his new design worked. In a nod to the famous inventor known for his practical and revolutionary inventions, Holmes named this successful prototype "The Edison." Holmes was a big fan of Steve Jobs and wanted to make Theranos the Apple of the healthcare industry. She even called the Theranos blood testing system the "iPod of the Healthcare Sector." This admiration for Apple led her to hire Ana Arriola, a former Apple employee, as Theranos's chief designer. Arriola also brought Yves Behar on board to design an industrial model for the Edison. But as time passed, Arriola realized that Theranos was still a long way from finishing its blood testing device. This led her to contact Avie Tevanian, a shareholder at Theranos. After doing his own digging, Tevanian found that the company's revenue projections were way off. This led him to confront the chairman, Don Lucas, and eventually walk away from Theranos. In a nutshell, the creation and naming of "The Edison," the first successful Theranos prototype, was a pivotal moment in the company's story. It marked a turning point in the company's journey and the start of its downfall.

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03Holmes got fired as CEO, tried to get back in, and kicked out those who fired her
04Ramesh Balwani, Holmes' boyfriend, stirred things up at Theranos
05Holmes was busy faking data and fighting legal battles with the Fuisz family
06Holmes tricked investors into giving her more money, making her worth $5 billion
07Richard Fuisz tried to ruin Holmes' reputation but ended up making her more popular
08Alan Beam and other whistleblowers started to expose the truth about Theranos
09Theranos tried to scare off whistleblowers with threatening letters
10After a lot of digging, the truth about Theranos finally came out
11Conclusion
About John Carreyrou
John Carreyrou is a Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative journalist, best known for his work at The Wall Street Journal. He exposed the fraudulent practices of Theranos, a health technology company. His reporting led to the downfall of the company and its founder, Elizabeth Holmes.