
Wanting
Luke Burgis, Sean Patrick Hopkins
What's inside?
Explore the concept of mimetic desire and understand how our wants are influenced by others in our daily lives.
You'll learn
Key points
01The Hidden Puppeteer Controlling Your Choices
Human beings are incredibly adept at understanding their basic needs, yet we are remarkably blind when it comes to understanding our desires. If you are thirsty, your body sends a clear, biological signal demanding water. If you are freezing, your nervous system urges you to find warmth and shelter. These are fundamental needs, hardwired into our biology, and they require no external input to manifest. However, once our basic physiological requirements are met, a profound shift occurs in how we navigate the world. We step out of the realm of simple needs and enter the complex, confusing, and often chaotic universe of desire. You do not just want a pair of shoes to protect your feet from the harsh pavement; you want a specific brand of highly coveted sneakers. You do not just want a vehicle to transport you from point A to point B; you want a sleek, electric luxury car with a specific badge on the hood. Where do these specific, highly tailored desires come from? For centuries, the prevailing cultural narrative has been what philosopher René Girard famously called the "Romantic Lie." This is the deeply ingrained, flattering belief that our desires are completely spontaneous and entirely our own. We love to view ourselves as the sole authors of our life stories, picking and choosing our goals based on our unique, independent, and rational preferences. We believe that desire is a straight line drawn directly from the subject—that is you—to the object you want. If you decide to pursue a law degree, you assume it is because you have an inherent passion for justice or a personal fascination with the legal system. If you buy a specific artisan coffee, you believe it is simply because you possess a refined palate. Luke Burgis, drawing heavily on Girard’s revolutionary mimetic theory, argues that this straight line is a complete illusion. Desire is never a straight line; it is always a triangle. The third point of this hidden triangle is the model. The model is the person, group, or societal standard that shows us what is worth wanting. We do not desire things intrinsically; we desire things because someone else desires them, or because someone else has signaled that those things are valuable. This is the essence of mimetic desire, derived from the Greek word mimesis, meaning imitation. Mimetic desire acts like gravity in our psychological universe—an invisible, omnipresent force that pulls us in specific directions without us ever noticing its influence. Just as gravity dictates the orbit of planets, mimetic desire dictates the trajectory of our careers, our relationships, and our lifestyles. Think about the last time you were in a completely unfamiliar situation, perhaps starting a new job in a corporate office or attending a social event where you knew no one. What was your immediate instinct? You likely scanned the room, observing how others were dressed, how they spoke, what topics they discussed, and who commanded the most respect. You were unconsciously looking for models to show you how to act and what to value in this new environment. This process is entirely natural and, in many ways, essential for human survival and cultural transmission. It is how babies learn to speak, how children learn to share, and how societies build shared norms. However, when this imitative instinct bleeds into our deepest life choices, it can lead us wildly astray. We are incredibly reluctant to admit that we are imitators. Our modern culture worships originality, constantly bombarding us with slogans urging us to "be yourself," "forge your own path," and "follow your own heart." To admit that we want something simply because our neighbor, our colleague, or our favorite celebrity wants it feels like a personal defeat. It feels like a surrender of our individuality. Therefore, our ego works overtime to construct elaborate rationalizations for our mimetic desires. We convince ourselves that we bought the expensive luxury watch because of its exceptional Swiss craftsmanship, conveniently ignoring the fact that our wealthy boss wears the exact same brand. We tell ourselves we are moving to a trendy new city because of the climate, ignoring the fact that three of our most successful college friends just relocated there. Burgis points out that this lack of self-awareness is exactly what makes mimetic desire so powerful and potentially dangerous. When you do not know you are being influenced by a model, you cannot question the validity of the desire. You simply accept it as your own and begin chasing it with all your energy. This blind pursuit often leads people to wake up years later, having achieved their goals, only to feel empty and unfulfilled. They climbed the ladder of success, only to realize it was leaning against the wrong wall—a wall chosen by someone else. To break free from this hidden puppeteer, the very first step is relentless, uncomfortable honesty. We must strip away the romantic lie of pure originality and accept that we are deeply social, highly imitative creatures. We must start looking for the invisible strings attached to our ambitions. When you feel a sudden, burning urge to acquire something, achieve something, or change your life, you must pause and ask yourself a daring question. Is this desire truly springing from my core values, or am I simply catching this desire from someone else, much like catching a cold? Acknowledging the existence of mimetic desire does not make you weak; it makes you aware. It is the crucial awakening required to stop living a life scripted by others and begin taking conscious control of the things you choose to pursue.
02Why We Fight Our Closest Friends
Once we accept that our desires are fundamentally shaped by the people around us, a new and fascinating question arises: who exactly are we imitating? Not all models are created equal, and the way we interact with the people we imitate determines whether our desires bring us inspiration or plunge us into bitter conflict. Luke Burgis introduces a vital distinction between two very different worlds of mimetic desire, playfully termed "Celebristan" and "Freshmanistan." Understanding the border between these two realms is the key to understanding why we often feel the most intense jealousy toward the people we are closest to. Let us first explore the glittering realm of Celebristan. This is the world of external mediation, where our models are completely separated from us by time, space, social status, or death. In Celebristan, you find historical figures like Abraham Lincoln, legendary innovators like Steve Jobs, massive Hollywood stars, or even fictional characters like James Bond. When a person in Celebristan models a desire for us, the relationship is entirely one-way. You might watch a blockbuster movie and suddenly develop a mimetic desire to wear the same tailored suit as the lead actor, or you might read a biography of a famous entrepreneur and desire to build a global empire. The defining characteristic of Celebristan is that there is absolutely no possibility of direct competition. If you buy the same brand of sunglasses as a famous billionaire, that billionaire will not notice, will not care, and certainly will not try to stop you. Because the model is completely outside of your social sphere, the mimetic desire they inspire is relatively safe. It can even be highly positive, providing inspiration, drive, and a sense of direction without the toxic byproduct of rivalry. You can openly admire these models, proudly display posters of them on your wall, and enthusiastically tell your friends how much they inspire you. There is no shame in imitating someone from Celebristan because everyone acknowledges the vast, unbridgeable gap between you and them. Now, contrast this with the highly volatile world of Freshmanistan. This is the realm of internal mediation, where our models are inside our own social sphere. They are our peers, our siblings, our coworkers, our neighbors, and our friends. They are the people who are roughly on our level, playing the same games, and reaching for the same resources. In Freshmanistan, the gap between the subject and the model is incredibly narrow, and this proximity creates a dangerous dynamic. When you imitate a model in Freshmanistan, you are not just adopting their desires; you are stepping onto their territory. Suppose you are a junior executive at a company, and you highly admire a peer who is known for delivering brilliant presentations. You begin to mimic their communication style, their slide design, and their confident posture. Initially, the model might feel flattered by your imitation. But as you improve, and as you begin competing for the exact same promotion, the dynamic shifts dramatically. You are no longer just an admirer; you are a rival. This is the tragic paradox of internal mediation. The more we admire someone who is close to us, the more we imitate them, and the more we imitate them, the more alike we become. As we become more alike, we inevitably start desiring the exact same objects—the same job title, the same social recognition, the same romantic partners. This convergence of desires transforms the model into an obstacle. We begin to resent the very person who showed us what to want in the first place. Have you ever noticed how the most bitter and intense rivalries rarely occur between complete strangers or people of vastly different statuses? A struggling amateur chess player does not feel visceral, burning envy toward a grandmaster. The gap is too wide. Instead, the amateur feels intense envy toward another amateur at their local club who just surpassed their rating by a few points. Sibling rivalries are notoriously fierce precisely because siblings share the same environment, the same parental attention, and the same foundational models. They are trapped in the ultimate Freshmanistan. Social media has radically amplified the dangers of internal mediation by collapsing the boundaries between these two worlds. Platforms like Instagram and LinkedIn take people who should safely reside in Celebristan and artificially pull them into our daily feeds, making them feel like peers. Worse still, these platforms turn our actual peers into pseudo-celebrities, broadcasting their curated successes, vacations, and promotions directly into our minds twenty-four hours a day. We are constantly bombarded with the mimetic desires of our equals, creating an unprecedented environment of mass envy and anxiety. We are entirely surrounded by models we feel compelled to compete with, fighting for the scarce resource of digital attention and social validation. Recognizing whether your models live in Celebristan or Freshmanistan is a crucial survival skill for your mental health. When you feel a sudden pang of jealousy or a desperate need to outdo someone, pause and locate the model. Are you competing with a distant ideal, or are you locked in a petty struggle with a peer? By understanding that our fiercest conflicts are born from the closest proximity, we can begin to step back, create emotional distance, and refuse to play the exhausting game of peer-to-peer imitation.

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03The Destructive Gravity of Endless Rivalry
04Finding Your True Signal in the Noise
05How to Finally Name Your Hidden Masters
06Building a Shield Against Mindless Competition
07Conclusion
About Luke Burgis, Sean Patrick Hopkins
Luke Burgis is an entrepreneur and author, known for his work on mimetic desire. Sean Patrick Hopkins is a voice actor and audiobook narrator, recognized for his versatility and emotion in narrating a wide range of books.